Modulation and distortion characterization
Direct RF sampling using high speed converters is widely spreading out. Latest technology offers data rates fast enough to synthesize up to 6 GHz and beyond with sufficient performance. This allows more compact RF concepts as IQ modulation or demodulation and frequency generation is all covered by the data converters taking traditional components as mixers or IQ modulators out of the equation. While the data converters can be seen as RF systems by themselves, more users ask for system level performance on e.g. 5G EVM performance.